Blood glucose is the main source of energy in our body and comes from the food we eat. Diabetes is a disease that occurs when our blood glucose or sugar is very high. Pancreas in our body makes insulin hormone which helps glucose absorbed from food by cells and to be used for energy. Sometimes body doesn’t make enough—or any—insulin or doesn’t use insulin well. Glucose then stays in blood and doesn’t reach our cells.
Over time when glucose concentration increases in blood, it cause health problems.
Type 1 diabetes
When immune system gets overactive, body makes little or no insulin and that situation is called type 1 diabetes. So people with type 1 diabetes must take insulin every day. Type 1 diabetes usually occurs in children and young adults but can also appear in older adults. T1d is not associated with overweight and cannot controlled without taking insulin injection.
Type 2 diabetes
In type 2 diabetes, body prevents the insulin to work in right way. Body may make some insulin but not enough Most people with diabetes—about 90% to 95%—have type 2. This kind of diabetes usually happens in people who are older, although even younger adults may be diagnosed with it. Type 2 diabetes also usually occurs in people who are overweight. In fact, about 8 out of 10 people with type 2 diabetes are overweight.
Some women may develop diabetes during pregnancy, which is called gestational diabetes. Being diagnosed with gestational diabetes doesn't mean a woman had diabetes before or would continue to have diabetes after giving birth.
Causes of diabetes 1&2 :- body's immune system specifically attacks the insulin producing cells in pancreas. Some factors responsible for diabetes such as-
Family history, environmental factors, including common and unavoidable viral infection may contribute type 1 diabetes. Type 1 diabetes is more common in men than women.
Type 2 diabetes has strong genetic links, it tends to run in families. Many genes have been linked to type 2 diabetes. Following are risk factors for diabetes 2-
High blood pressure
High fat levels in the blood
High fat diet
High alcohol intake
Sedentary lifestyle
Overweight
Aging
Effects of diabetes :- loss of consciousness, risk of stroke, visual disturbance, cataract and glaucoma, extreme thirst, risk of heart disease, high bp, gastroparesis, pancreas malfunction, excessive urination, protein in the urine, dry cracked skin, fatigue and lack of energy, damaged blood vessels, nerve damage, foot problems etc.